# Проект Эйлера. Условия задач 41-50 на английском языке

Задачи проекта Эйлера

41-50

Список всех задач

1. We shall say that an n-digit number is pandigital if it makes use of all the digits 1 to n exactly once. For example, 2143 is a 4-digit pandigital and is also prime.

What is the largest n-digit pandigital prime that exists?

2. The nth term of the sequence of triangle numbers is given by, tn = ½n(n+1); so the first ten triangle numbers are:

1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, ...

By converting each letter in a word to a number corresponding to its alphabetical position and adding these values we form a word value. For example, the word value for SKY is 19 + 11 + 25 = 55 = t10. If the word value is a triangle number then we shall call the word a triangle word.

Using words.txt (right click and 'Save Link/Target As...'), a 16K text file containing nearly two-thousand common English words, how many are triangle words?

3. The number, 1406357289, is a 0 to 9 pandigital number because it is made up of each of the digits 0 to 9 in some order, but it also has a rather interesting sub-string divisibility property.

Let d1 be the 1st digit, d2 be the 2nd digit, and so on. In this way, we note the following:

• d2d3d4=406 is divisible by 2
• d3d4d5=063 is divisible by 3
• d4d5d6=635 is divisible by 5
• d5d6d7=357 is divisible by 7
• d6d7d8=572 is divisible by 11
• d7d8d9=728 is divisible by 13
• d8d9d10=289 is divisible by 17

Find the sum of all 0 to 9 pandigital numbers with this property.

4. Pentagonal numbers are generated by the formula, Pn=n(3n-1)/2. The first ten pentagonal numbers are:

1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, 70, 92, 117, 145, ...

It can be seen that P4 + P7 = 22 + 70 = 92 = P8. However, their difference, 70 - 22 = 48, is not pentagonal.

Find the pair of pentagonal numbers, Pj and Pk, for which their sum and difference are pentagonal and D = |Pk - Pj| is minimised; what is the value of D?

5. Triangle, pentagonal, and hexagonal numbers are generated by the following formulae:

 Triangle Tn=n(n+1)/2 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ... Pentagonal Pn=n(3n-1)/2 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, ... Hexagonal Hn=n(2n-1) 1, 6, 15, 28, 45, ...

It can be verified that T285 = P165 = H143 = 40755.

Find the next triangle number that is also pentagonal and hexagonal.

6. It was proposed by Christian Goldbach that every odd composite number can be written as the sum of a prime and twice a square.

9 = 7 + 2$\cdot$12
15 = 7 + 2$\cdot$22
21 = 3 + 2$\cdot$32
25 = 7 + 2$\cdot$32
27 = 19 + 2$\cdot$22
33 = 31 + 2$\cdot$12

It turns out that the conjecture was false.

What is the smallest odd composite that cannot be written as the sum of a prime and twice a square?

7. The first two consecutive numbers to have two distinct prime factors are:

14 = 2 $\cdot$ 7
15 = 3 $\cdot$ 5

The first three consecutive numbers to have three distinct prime factors are:

644 = 2² $\cdot$ 7 $\cdot$ 23
645 = 3 $\cdot$ 5 $\cdot$ 43
646 = 2 $\cdot$ 17 $\cdot$ 19.

Find the first four consecutive integers to have four distinct prime factors. What is the first of these numbers?

8. The series, 11 + 22 + 33 + ... + 1010 = 10405071317.

Find the last ten digits of the series, 11 + 22 + 33 + ... + 10001000.

9. The arithmetic sequence, 1487, 4817, 8147, in which each of the terms increases by 3330, is unusual in two ways: (i) each of the three terms are prime, and, (ii) each of the 4-digit numbers are permutations of one another.

There are no arithmetic sequences made up of three 1-, 2-, or 3-digit primes, exhibiting this property, but there is one other 4-digit increasing sequence.

What 12-digit number do you form by concatenating the three terms in this sequence?

10. The prime 41, can be written as the sum of six consecutive primes:

41 = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13

This is the longest sum of consecutive primes that adds to a prime below one-hundred.

The longest sum of consecutive primes below one-thousand that adds to a prime, contains 21 terms, and is equal to 953.

Which prime, below one-million, can be written as the sum of the most consecutive primes?