Задачи проекта Эйлера
41-50
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We shall say that an n-digit number is pandigital if it makes use of all the digits 1 to n exactly once. For example, 2143 is a 4-digit pandigital and is also prime.
What is the largest n-digit pandigital prime that exists?
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The nth term of the sequence of triangle numbers is given by, tn = ½n(n+1); so the first ten triangle numbers are:
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, …
By converting each letter in a word to a number corresponding to its alphabetical position and adding these values we form a word value. For example, the word value for SKY is 19 + 11 + 25 = 55 = t10. If the word value is a triangle number then we shall call the word a triangle word.
Using words.txt (right click and ‘Save Link/Target As…’), a 16K text file containing nearly two-thousand common English words, how many are triangle words?
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The number, 1406357289, is a 0 to 9 pandigital number because it is made up of each of the digits 0 to 9 in some order, but it also has a rather interesting sub-string divisibility property.
Let d1 be the 1st digit, d2 be the 2nd digit, and so on. In this way, we note the following:
- d2d3d4=406 is divisible by 2
- d3d4d5=063 is divisible by 3
- d4d5d6=635 is divisible by 5
- d5d6d7=357 is divisible by 7
- d6d7d8=572 is divisible by 11
- d7d8d9=728 is divisible by 13
- d8d9d10=289 is divisible by 17
Find the sum of all 0 to 9 pandigital numbers with this property.
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Pentagonal numbers are generated by the formula, Pn=n(3n-1)/2. The first ten pentagonal numbers are:
1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, 70, 92, 117, 145, …
It can be seen that P4 + P7 = 22 + 70 = 92 = P8. However, their difference, 70 – 22 = 48, is not pentagonal.
Find the pair of pentagonal numbers, Pj and Pk, for which their sum and difference are pentagonal and D = |Pk – Pj| is minimised; what is the value of D?
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Triangle, pentagonal, and hexagonal numbers are generated by the following formulae:
Triangle Tn=n(n+1)/2 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, … Pentagonal Pn=n(3n-1)/2 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, … Hexagonal Hn=n(2n-1) 1, 6, 15, 28, 45, … It can be verified that T285 = P165 = H143 = 40755.
Find the next triangle number that is also pentagonal and hexagonal.
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It was proposed by Christian Goldbach that every odd composite number can be written as the sum of a prime and twice a square.
9 = 7 + 2\(\cdot\)12
15 = 7 + 2\(\cdot\)22
21 = 3 + 2\(\cdot\)32
25 = 7 + 2\(\cdot\)32
27 = 19 + 2\(\cdot\)22
33 = 31 + 2\(\cdot\)12It turns out that the conjecture was false.
What is the smallest odd composite that cannot be written as the sum of a prime and twice a square?
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The first two consecutive numbers to have two distinct prime factors are:
14 = 2 \(\cdot\) 7
15 = 3 \(\cdot\) 5The first three consecutive numbers to have three distinct prime factors are:
644 = 2² \(\cdot\) 7 \(\cdot\) 23
645 = 3 \(\cdot\) 5 \(\cdot\) 43
646 = 2 \(\cdot\) 17 \(\cdot\) 19.Find the first four consecutive integers to have four distinct prime factors. What is the first of these numbers?
- The series, 11 + 22 + 33 + … + 1010 = 10405071317.
Find the last ten digits of the series, 11 + 22 + 33 + … + 10001000.
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The arithmetic sequence, 1487, 4817, 8147, in which each of the terms increases by 3330, is unusual in two ways: (i) each of the three terms are prime, and, (ii) each of the 4-digit numbers are permutations of one another.
There are no arithmetic sequences made up of three 1-, 2-, or 3-digit primes, exhibiting this property, but there is one other 4-digit increasing sequence.
What 12-digit number do you form by concatenating the three terms in this sequence?
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The prime 41, can be written as the sum of six consecutive primes:
41 = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13This is the longest sum of consecutive primes that adds to a prime below one-hundred.
The longest sum of consecutive primes below one-thousand that adds to a prime, contains 21 terms, and is equal to 953.
Which prime, below one-million, can be written as the sum of the most consecutive primes?